Loes Aaldering, Jana Laura Egelhofer and Sophie Lecheler wrote a book chapter on the challenge of fake news for journalism! 

 The public debate is often about fake news, which seems to be omnipresent. Russian bots produce fake news, Trump calls CNN fake news, people talk about the 'fake news crisis', the Netherlands would be flooded by a fake news avalanche, and elections would be influenced by fake news. But what exactly is fake news? What are we talking about when we use the term fake news? Is there an increase in fake news and is this a result of digitization? What is the role of journalism in relation to fake news? And how big is the fake news problem in the Netherlands?

This chapter answers these questions. We will start with a conceptualization of fake news and will explain that the phenomenon of fake news actually contains two very different concepts: deliberately created, pseudo-journalistic disinformation, and the use of the term by politicians to delegitimize news media. Next, we will discuss the influence of digitization of our information services on the creation and dissemination of fake news and describe how clickbait and bots contribute to this. We then discuss the effects of fake news on journalism: we describe the influence of postfactual relativism on the role of journalism and discuss the challenge for journalists to recognize fake news. We also show that the use of the term fake news by journalists in their reporting contributes to its popularity and, in effect, to a decline in trust in the media. This chapter then focuses specifically on  the Dutch context and discusses how widespread fake news is in the Netherlands. This chapter ends with a few recommendations for citizens, journalists, politicians and scientists to limit the negative effects of fake news as much as possible.

Find the book here. 

Aaldering, L., Egelhofer, J. L., & Lecheler, S. (2020): Nieuwe uitdagingen voor de Journalistiek in het tijdperk van nepnieuws [New Challenges for Journalism in the Age of Fake News]. In: de Ridder, J., Vliegenthart, R., & Zuure, J. (Ed.): Doen, durven of de waarheid? Democratie in digitale tijden [Truth or dare? Democracy in a Digital era]. Amsterdam University Press, 87-103.